Posts for 2025

"Jack of all trades, master of none" is a term I've heard all too often when fellow techies describe my stint as a web developer. Back then, I was a generalist dipping my sticky fingers into every new and shiny tech I encountered. In a sense, I'm still that web developer. Just with more money.


I want to explore the pros and cons of generalizing as opposed to specializing, especially in the context of today's tech landscape. The industry needs both specialists and generalists. That's a simple fact that shouldn't need some nobody tech blogger pointing out, but sometimes people get overly emotional about defending their stance. Want to specialize? Cool, do that. Want to generalize? Also cool, go crazy. But we need to be cognizant of the tradeoffs.

The case for specializing over generalizing

Before every tech and his dog started calling themselves "full-stack developers", specialists seemed to earn a whole lot of money. That was back when I was reading job ads asking for "deep expertise" and extensive work experience in more narrow scopes such as back-end programming and database administration. Some areas, such as COBOL programming, pay a lot for the simple reason that COBOL is still largely in use but COBOL programmers appear to be a dying breed. I've touched a lot of programming languages, but just enough to qualify as a hobbyist in each one. I have a decent frame for comparison between them - a Python lecturer of mine was actually quite entertained at my comparisons of the language to PHP and Ruby - but that often isn't very useful in the professional sense.


The companies whose budgets are large enough to afford to pay for specialists, also tend to use these specialists for projects that are grand in scale. Projects that actually require deep expertise. Projects that add incalculable value to one's CV.

Deep knowledge is also useful for judging the extent of one's resolve and commitment. After all, it takes plenty of both to spend the effort. I personally know someone who specializes in HTML and CSS. It's a very narrow niche and perhaps not very profitable, but undeniably impressive.

Generalists - quite unfairly, I might add - seem to have developed a reputation for being easily distracted. Lacking the necessary discipline and focus required to specialize. I would actually say it takes an extraordinary amount of discipline to avoid going too deeply down one rabbit hoole and shuting out everything else, but that's not the general sentiment. Therefore, in some circles, generalists are seen as those who were unable to specialize as opposed to specialists being unable to generalize.

The conventional advice when it comes to tech specialization, is to specialize in one area while simultaneously being decent in a few related areas. For instance, if you're a Data Analytics guru, you may want to specialize in statistical analysis and mathematics, but at the same time get reasonably good with Data Visualization tools and learn a bit of Python. If you're a primarily a Front-end Developer, learning some simple database concepts would be a useful addition to HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Maybe pick up a few frameworks such as ReactJS or VueJS, just to round things out.

I won't argue against that advice, but these days it feels like nothing is ever enough.

There are plenty of reasons, though, to choose to generalize rather than specialize. And by that, I mean good reasons, not things like a lack of focus or a limited attention span.

The case for generalizing over specializing

It's dangerous to put all your eggs in one basket. An extreme example is if programmers specialized in VBScript to the exclusion of all else. The probability of those programmers having a job as of 2023, are approaching zero. I love VBScript, but it is what it is. Professionally, I cut my teeth on ASP and VBScript back in the 2000s. But what would have happened had I stubbornly refused to branch out? The thought makes me shudder.

Speaking of branching out, what makes it relatively easy for me to pick up new programming languages and frameworks is that I've been doing it repeatedly over the years. Instead of focusing on one specific thing to get good at, I identified certain things one new area had with the one I already knew, and worked from there. Got my fingers in as many related pies as possible. And as I learned more new stuff, my frame of reference only got stronger. All the stuff I learned, fed into each other. It's unclear just how good I would be at picking up new stuff if I had specialized instead.


The other advantage being a generalist gave me, was that I got plenty of attention from cheapskate financially strapped employers who saw the wisdom of getting me to do many different things at once, because I was decent at all those things. And often, for small startups, that's just what they need. The end result was that even in poor economic times, I rarely had trouble finding employment. I did not have to apply only for front-end jobs, or back-end jobs. I could apply to all of them.

Back in the day, I had been working for a law firm and maintaining their corporate website as one of my many duties. When I eventually left for greener pastures, the guy they hired to replace me was a more accomplished network infrastructure guy. More specialized, I would say. I went on to ply my trade as a web developer, but occasionally I would check back on my former company's corporate website to see what was shaking. Imagine my surprise one day when I went to the ABOUT US page where the hotshot attorneys were presented, and found a whole bunch of distorted profile photos! And that was after waiting a good couple minutes for all these images to load.

Apparently my replacement not only did not understand optimizing images for the internet, he also did not know about resizing images to fit the HTML img tag placeholders. He had simply taken the photographs he had been presented with, and used them as-is.

Was that his fault? No, not at all. My then-Manager had specifically wanted a network specialist, as opposed to me, a web developer who could follow simple network instructions. And his wish had been granted. But specialization comes at a cost. Things like image optimization for the web, just weren't covered in the guy's extensive networking knowledge. In the job, not only had I needed to help with network and infrastructure, I'd had to develop web applications and maintain websites, and my skillset had grown accordingly. These were the things the company had learned to take for granted where my position was concerned.

Ultimately...

Let me just say it again - the industry needs both specialists and generalists. Without generalists, specialists would have trouble plugging all the other technical gaps that their very specific skillsets do not cover. Hiring specialists for every area just isn't practical. On the other hand, without specialists, it would be devilishly hard for just generalists to raise the quality of the product to its optimal level.

Most of all, it would be really difficult to be a specialist in a world without generalists. And vice versa. Not only are both needed, the two need each other.